Unilateral Early Breast Cancer Essay - 1547 Words

Materials and Methods Patients In this retrospective study, performed across 4 oncology centers in Saudi Arabia and Egypt, we evaluated 280 women who were diagnosed with unilateral early breast cancer from between March 2010 and October 2013. Patients received standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy (6-8 cycles of an anthracycline and Ttaxane-containingregimen) with or without trastuzumab according to the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status. After excluding patients who underwent breast conservative surgery because of a possible high incidence of recurrence, the included patients underwent modified radical mastectomy with axillary clearance followed by local radiotherapy with/without hormonal treatment for Candide patients,†¦show more content†¦Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to establish the HER2 status when IHC yielded equivocal results. The interpretation of HER2 FISH results (HER2- to-CEP 17 ratio and gene copy number) was as follows: positive HER2 amplification, FISH ratio 2.2 or HER2 gene 6.0; equivocal HER2 amplification, FISH ratio of 1.8-2.2 or HER2 gene copy of 4.0-6.0; and negative HER2 amplification, FISH ratio 1.8 or HER2 gene copy 4.0. Statistical Analysis SPSS version 17.0 was used for data analysis. Quantitative data are presented as the mean and standard deviation (SD). Parametric and non-parametric t-tests were used for comparison of two independent groups. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate overall survival. Overall survival was measured from the first day of treatment until death, while disease- free survival was defined as the period from the date of diagnosis until the date of first recurrence, either loco-regional or systemic. The log rank test was used to compare survival between the groups. The χ2 and Fisher exact tested were used to determine the proportion of independents. The logrank test was used to calculate P- values for the differences between groups. For all the above- mentioned statistical tests, the threshold of significance was fixed at the 5% level. The P value of 0.05: indicates non-significantShow MoreRelatedContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesin which he can combine conceptual understandings with pragmatic insights. He has been sought out to provide that extra element of conceptual clarity for the most complex of practical accounting endeavours. No doubt such abilities reflect Michael’s early grounding in both the practice of accounting and its economic theorization, the former at Ford and the latter initially at the London School of Economics and thereafter as a lifetime endeavour. But personal though his achievements may be, they areRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesMaking 193 Ethical Dilemma Do Unethical Decisions Come from Bad Character? 193 Case Incident 1 Computerized Decision Making 194 Case Incident 2 Predictions That Didn’t Quite Pan Out 195 7 Motivation Concepts 201 Defining Motivation 202 Early Theories of Motivation 203 Hierarchy of Needs Theory 203 †¢ Theory X and Theory Y 205 †¢ Two-Factor Theory 205 †¢ McClelland’s Theory of Needs 207 Contemporary Theories of Motivation 208 Self-Determination Theory 208 †¢ Job Engagement 211 †¢ Goal-Setting